Biopsy
General Biopsy Information

A biopsy is a procedure in which a radiologist uses a special sampling device (needle) to extract small tissue samples from the patient for microscopic evaluation. A biopsy may be necessary to determine if an area felt by a patient or found on an imaging study is malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous).

The size, location and depth of an area of concern (lesion) will determine the appropriate needle and best imaging guidance method for biopsy. The radiologist may employ stereotactic (computer assisted) x-ray, fluoroscopy (x-ray with contrast), ultrasound and/or CT (with and/or without contrast) techniques to access the biopsy site.

Depending on the area to be biopsied, conscious / IV sedation may be used to reduce anxiety and enable patient's cooperation with the procedure. In general, once the biopsy site is chosen, the site is cleaned with an antiseptic and shaved (if necessary). A local anesthetic, Lidocaine, is injected to numb the skin and a small 1/4 inch incision is made. The patient is usually asked to hold their breath as the sampling device is inserted under imaging guidance and the sample is taken.

To form a complete analysis, multiple samplings are usually necessary. Depending on the area of biopsy, patient sensation varies from pressure to moderate discomfort. Most biopsy procedures, however, are considered to be low risk for complications. The most common risks associated with biopsy procedures are bleeding and infection. The risk of pneumothorax (a collection of air in the pleural space, which can cause the lung to collapse) is most significant with lung biopsy.