Interventional Radiology: Venous
Venogram

Venogram procedures are generally used for evaluation of lower extremity thrombosis (blood clot) when ultrasound alone is not conclusive. Extremity venogram can identify the cause of swelling and assess vein status after surgery or interventional procedure. Venograms may also be used to guide treatment (venous thrombolysis or venous angioplasty / stent (renal dialysis access). Venogram procedures involve placement of a tube (catheter) into a vein, contrast injection and fluoroscopic x-ray imaging.

For venogram, the catheter insertion site; arm (brachial vein), upper neck (jugular vein), lower neck (subclavian vein) or groin (femoral vein), is cleaned and shaved (if necessary) in preparation for the injection of a local anesthetic, usually Lidocaine. The anesthetic injection stings a bit, but will numb the area. Patients should only feel pressure as the catheter is inserted through a small (1/4 inch) incision.

A contrast agent is then injected through the catheter making the vein visible on x-rays. Patient may experience a warm sensation for a few seconds as the contrast is injected. Several contrast injections and x-rays are needed to complete the exam. Catheter is removed and firm pressure is applied for 5 to 10 minutes until bleeding stops. Procedures involving a femoral incision (groin) will require a short hospital stay of 2 to 3 hours. During this time the leg is immobilized.

No preparation is required for a venogram procedure.